{"id":6235,"date":"2019-04-28T11:07:38","date_gmt":"2019-04-28T09:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/?p=6235"},"modified":"2019-08-22T10:22:41","modified_gmt":"2019-08-22T08:22:41","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/?p=6235","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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    \n
  1. \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n
  2. \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a nutrients ) (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  3. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (primary productivity ) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627.<\/li>\n
  4. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d. \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  5. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n
  6. \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/li>\n
  7. \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a flora \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621fauna \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n
  8. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648.<\/li>\n
  9. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062acrustacea .<\/li>\n
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\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0643.<\/li>\n
  12. 12<\/strong>. \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 (stratified reservoirs ) \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 outflow structures ) ) \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n
  13. \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 ( 23.3 \u2013 66.3 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649(hypoliminion) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\"<\/a>
    Source: McCartney, M.P., et al.\u00a0 2000<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1:\u00a0 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629plankton) ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \"\"<\/a>
      Source: McCartney, M.P., et al. 2000<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2: \u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f (downstream ) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646 (silt) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629( inorganic fertilizers ) \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a ( 40% ). \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n
      2. \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062a .<\/li>\n
      3. \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 2 \u0623\u0648 3 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a ( nutrients ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n
      4. \u00a0\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n
      5. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0632 N2<\/sub>O \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629( greenhouse ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
      6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a( surface runoff )\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a NO3<\/sub> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a PO4<\/sub> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/li>\n
      7. \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Adams, W. \u201cDownstream Impact of Dams\u201d. World Commission on Dams. Jan. 2000.<\/p>\n

        Goldman, C. R. and A. J. Alexander \u201cLimnology\u201d McGraw-Hill Book Company Japan, Ltd. 1983.<\/p>\n

        \u201cHuman Health and Dams\u201d. World Health Organization, Geneva, Nov. 1999.<\/p>\n

        McCartney, M.P., et al. \u201cEcosystem Impact of Large Dams\u201d. World Commission on Dams, 2000.<\/p>\n

        Miller, G. T.\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cLiving in the Environment\u201d, 13th<\/sup> ed., 2004, Thomson Learning, Inc. USA.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          * \u0643\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. *\u00a0\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 \u060c \u0623\u064a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6238,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[96,389,124,120,70,294],"class_list":["post-6235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3","tag-96","tag-389","tag-124","tag-120","tag-70","tag-294"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6235\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.iraqicivilsociety.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}